Optimising the zoospore release, germination, development of gametophytes and formation of sporophytes of Ecklonia radiata

Abstract The kelp Ecklonia radiata has become a target for controlled cultivation. However, to date there are no standardised protocols the hatchery stage of this species that result in high rates germination, gametophyte development and transition sporophytes. Therefore, objective study was quantify effect photoperiod, light intensity, temperature, nutrient media use GeO 2 on key processes sporophytes laboratory experiments. Germination E. (? 85%) throughout study, regardless treatments. Temperature had major length gametophytes, which increased with increasing temperature. formation favoured when individuals were maintained under 17 °C continuously, while reduced by approximately 30% using F/2 compared PES media. Overall, recommended conditions maintain cultures 12 h L:12 D photoperiod at as resulted higher germination rates, good other Moreover, be limited more than days extended detrimental effects Finally, storage sorus-bearing fronds up 4 after collection from field generally number released zoospores is simple mechanism increase fertility brood stock.